Telecommunications Implementation at a Company Essay -- Networks Telec

Table of Content Introduction 3 PBX and Centrex 4 Rotary and DTMF 6 WATS and Leased Lines 7 ISO and OSI 9 Conclusions 11 Reference List 12 Introduction Networking and telephony is a part of our everyday environment, whether it be in our homes or in our place of business. We will somehow come into contact with one or the other in some shape or fashion. At Baker, we are no different from any other business. The infrastructure of Baker is not a simple pc and telephone setup. The network incorporates everything from a simple analog line to our data network backbone that is made of T-3 lines, ISND lines, and IPFR provided by the AT&T datacenter. Baker has 30 offices all over the country and a couple of offices in abroad in Europe. I will be discussing the setup of the Houston office, since I am most familiar with this office. PBX and Centrex The Houston office of Baker is comprised of three types of phones, well, at least until the company moves into one central location. Currently there are three offices in Houston that are all a block apart. The building that I support houses an old Merlin Legend telephone system. It's funny, because I have to set the date on the voicemail to the year 1999 so that when users check their messages, it will give the correct month and date. The system is comprised of about 100 direct-inward dialed (DIDs), some used as analog and some use as digital lines. The digital lines are ISDN lines that allow for digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires. Direct-inward dialing routes calls from the outside lines to the PBX, which allows telephone systems to bypass an operator. The PBX then routes the call to the desired extension an... ... developers a better understanding of how to better design a network and works very well when they have to trouble shoot a problem. The end-users and specialized developers do not necessarily use the OSI model as a business tool to gain more clients, but they are indeed using the concept whenever they go out and market to clients about out hosting abilities. Conclusions With the internet and better means of communication being developed on a daily basis, there is going to be a constant change in the way data networks and telephony are today. We have gone from rotary dialed phones, which I can vaguely remember at my grandmother's house to voice recognition cell phones that dial the number for you. We have also went from some crazy number in the past for data travel, like 33 baud/s to what we are at today, reaching speeds that I can't imagine of over 12Mb/s.

When Ways of Life Collide: A Critical Analysis

When Ways of Life Collide written by Paul Sniderman and Louk Hagendoorn is a book which focuses on the collision of Western European values and Muslim values. The book tackles relevant information on the relationships of cultures values (with focus on the Netherlands): its injustices and reactions towards another culture. Moreover, the book explores multiculturalism policies and the diverging clash of values it causes between the Dutch majority and Muslim minority in the Netherlands. The book includes an introductory chapter, four body chapters which are based on a 1998 survey analysis that consists of scholarly designed statistical experiments and a concluding chapter. Muslims, the first of the body chapters, tackles the culture of Muslims and the Dutch majority towards their treatment on women and children. The book was able to show that the obvious rejection of a particular group due to conflict over values might not be always take effect. In particular, one of the authors interesting conclusion is that individuals can view the Muslims values in a negative while at the same time creating a constructive attitude towards Muslims and in effect follow even their way of life and culture. Chapter three, Prejudice, is a mere discussion and analysis of prejudice. Both Sniderman and Hagendoorn view prejudice as â€Å"a readiness to belittle minorities, to dislike them, to shun them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 47). What the authors have to measure prejudice are based on statistical survey. The survey was designed for the individuals to agree or disagree on the eight most probable characterizations of minorities. The authors find that intolerance can eventually results to an open denial of the equal rights of the immigrant minorities (Muslims). On chapter four, the authors use a decoupling experiment to basically improve the previous research. Both Sniderman and Hagendoorn believes that an observed threat to an individuals’ cultural identity shows a sturdy predictor of prejudice than a perceived economic threat. However, chapter five entitled Top-Down Politics illustrates that individuals who are committing negative attitudes and show prejudice to the minority immigrants are also on the same way the most probable to react positively towards the immigrants. The main argument of the book is that the Netherlands policy towards multiculturalism which was determined through consensus has led the central point on the political argument that involves group identities: immigrant minorities and Dutch majorities. The increased conflicts between the immigrant minorities and Dutch majorities are trigger by the 9/11 attack, the rise to power of Pim Fortuyn and the Theo van Gogh murder in 2004 by a Dutch Moroccan. The book is particularly significant to a variety of audience concerned on the prevailing attitudes shown by the Dutch majority towards immigrant minorities, immigration and multiculturalism. This book is good in particularly using scholarly surveys and statistical studies in providing significant conclusions on the study.

Should College Athletes Be Paid - 1874 Words

Debating to pay college athletes for their time, effort, and the money the help generate for the school they attend has been an ongoing debate for countless years. This issue has become more prevalent in recent years because of the expense of living in today’s economy, and the fact that big-time college athletes contribute but do not receive any of the millions of dollars generated by their sports. Stanley Eitzen, a professor emeritus of sociology at Colorado State University, former president of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, and the author of Fair and Foul: Beyond the Myths and Paradoxes of Sport, stands up for athletes and demands that society and the NCAA [National Collegiate Athletic Association], reconsider†¦show more content†¦His statistics show the outlandish amount of money that is generated by big-time college sports, often disputed by the NCAA. Not having enough money to pay athletes what they deserve has been one of the biggest arguments from universities and colleges for many years. However, Eitzen’s article and the statics he provides proves that these big-time sports programs generate more than enough to compensate their athletes more than what they receive from athletic scholarships. One statistic he provides states that â€Å"The NCAA has signed a 6.2 trillion dollar, 11 year deal giving CBS [Columbia Broadcasting System] the right to televise its men’s basketball championship. (That’s 5.45 million dollars a year, up from 2.16 million with the arrangement that ended in 2002)† (Eitzen 3). This statistic does not include the money the NCAA generates from advertising and ticket sales from the tournament. Athletes see none of this money. According to Eitzen, the athletes and their performance are the reason all this money is being made, yet they are not rewarded for their efforts. Eitzen states that these athletes are being served another injustice by witnessing their coaches benefit from all their hard work. He writes about a set of unfair regulations the NCAA has created in order to keep big-time college sports â€Å"amateur†. The regulations state, â€Å"They may receive only educational benefits (i.e., room, board, tuition, fees, and books); cannot sign with an agent and retain eligibility;